四、形容词变副词类

形容词修饰名词、代词等作定语或表语；副词修饰动词、形容词或副词作状语。

1．一般形容词词尾加-ly变成副词，如：

slow→slowly  clear→clearly  quick→quickly;            real→really

quiet→quietly   careful→carefully  sudden→suddenly

2．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，要变y为i加-ly，如：

easy→easily   happy→happily  heavy→heavily

lucky→luckily   busy→busily   angry→angrily;

3．以元音字母加辅音字母＋e结尾的重读开音节，直接加-ly，如：

polite→politely  safe→safely   wide→widely

4．以元音字母＋e结尾，去e加-ly，如：

true→truly

5．以辅音字母加-le结尾，去e加-y，如：

terrible→terribly  possible→possibly

6．形容词与副词同形，如：

fast→fast    early→early   high→high;  hard→hard  

7．形容词与副词异形，如：good→well

8．注意：hard作形容词时意思是“困难的；硬的；生硬的”等；作副词时意思是“努力地”。hardly是否定副词，意思是“几乎不”。

既是形容词又是副词

hard      a hard question/a hard stone       work hard / study hard/ rain hard

early      an early train                  get up early

late       be late for class                come late for school

deep      a hole deep large               dive deep into the sea

high      a high mountain                jump high   

long      It takes a long time.             It takes too long.  

far       My home is far from school.      jump far

straight   a straight line                  go straight along

五、动词变名词类

1．动词加-er变成名词，如：

work→worker   farm→farmer   teach→teacher

sing→singer   speak→speaker  play→player

read→reader   drive→driver   write→writer

ride→rider   dance→dancer  run→runner;   

win→winner  cook→cooker   wash→washer

2．动词加-or 变成名词，如：

visit→visitor   invent→inventor  operate→operator

conduct→conductor

3．动词加-tion 变成名词，如：

operate→operation  invent→invention  liberate→liberation