六、基数词变序数词类

主要掌握好1-12和20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90及21、22、23这几个序数词的形式：

one→first                       twenty→twentieth

two→second                   thirty→thirtieth

three→third                     forth→fortieth

four→fourth                   fifty→fiftieth

six→sixth                   sixty→sixtieth

seven→seventh                 eighty→eightieth

eight→eighth                     ninety→ninetieth

nine→ninth                     twenty-one→twenty-first

ten→tenth                       twenty-two→twenty-second

eleven→eleventh                 twenty-three→twenty-third

twelve→twelfth

七、形容词与副词的原级、比较级和最高级类

1．形容词和副词的比较级、最高级构成

（1）单音节词与部分双音节词规则变变化：

① 一般词尾加er, est； 如：fast faster fastest

② 以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i加-er, -est；如：easy  easier  easiest

③ 以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写这个辅音字母再加-er,  

  -est；如： hot  hotter  hottest

④ 以e结尾加-r，-st；如：fine→finer, nice→nicer

（2） 部分双音节词或以形容词加-ly变成的副词和多音节词，在其前加more, most 变成比较级和最高级。如：

interesting→more interesting，most interesting

beautiful→more beautiful，most beautiful

slowly→more slowly，most slowly

quickly→more quickly，most quickly

（3）不规则变化：

good→better→best  well→better→best

many→more→most       much→more→most  

little→less→least   far→farther/further→farthest/furthest.

ill→worse→worst        bad/badly→worse→worst

​old→older/older→oldest/eldest

2．原级： as＋形容词或副词的原形＋as    “和……一样……”，

not as / so＋形容词或副词的原形＋as “和……不一样……”。

八、人称代词变化类

要熟练掌握和运用主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词及名词性物主代词。

九、常见的反义词

1．动词

buy — sell  take — bring   remember — forget

die — live  love — hate   rise — fall

ask — answer    start — finish   miss — catch

pull — push  go — come   lend — borrow

2．形容词

little — much short — tall / long  right — left / wrong

free — busy    full — empty     few — many

good — bad  white — black   careful — careless

dead — living cheap — expensive  clean — dirty

easy — difficult wet — dry   same — different

open — closed   strong —weak   light — heavy