非谓语动词、复合句、It的用法等英语知识点你都能搞清楚吗?很多同学都说英语学习难,其实无非就是英语语法没有学好。说实话,英语语法确实没有那么的简单易懂,对很多同学来说都是非常枯燥乏味的,不能灵活的套用这些语法真的是一件头疼的事情。所以今天启达教育小编就整理了一些初中英语语法的易错题,专门帮助大家来提高英语语法考试成绩,你还不来看?
非谓语动词、复合句、It的用法等英语知识点你都能搞清楚吗?很多同学都说英语学习难,其实无非就是英语语法没有学好。说实话,英语语法确实没有那么的简单易懂,对很多同学来说都是非常枯燥乏味的,不能灵活的套用这些语法真的是一件头疼的事情。所以今天启达教育小编就整理了一些初中英语语法的易错题,专门帮助大家来提高英语语法考试成绩,你还不来看?
一、非谓语动词
“非谓语动词”可分为动词不定式、动名词和分词。
它在句子中的作用很多:除了不作谓语外,它可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语与复合宾语(主语补语或宾语补语)。
有些及物动词后面接不带to的不定式作复合宾语。
这些动词归纳如下:一感(feel).二听(hear,listen to),三让(have,1et, make),四看(see,watch,notice,observe)。再加上help somebody(to)do something和look at somebody do something。还有“二让”属特殊:get somebody to do something 与keep somebody doing。
而有些及物动词后面接动名词(the -ing form)作宾语。这些动词归纳为一句话:Papa C makes friends。这是由如下动词的开头字母组成:permit,advise, practise, avoid, consider, mind, allow, keep, enjoy, suggest, finish,risk,imagine, escape, need, delay, stand(忍受)。
为了容易记住,也可以编成顺口溜:“允许完成练习,建议避免冒险,考虑延期逃跑,喜欢保持想象,需要反对忍受”。其相对应的动词依次是:permit/allow, finish, practise ; advise/suggest, avoid,risk, consider, delay, escape/miss, enjoy/appreciate, keep, imagine; need/want/require, mind, can’t help/can’t stand
二、复合句
1、学生最容易混淆的是定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
例如:A、Thenews that our team has won the match is true (同位语从句) B、The news that he told us surprised everybody here. (定语从句) 关键的区别在于连接或关系代词that:有意义的是定语, 无意义的是同位。因为引导定语从句的that在从句中作主语或 宾语,而引导同位语从句的that只起到连接词的作用。
2、接着容易混淆的是引导定语从句的关系代词that与 which:that之前是不定(代词)、序数(词)、(形容词)最高级:which之前是介词短语与逗号(非限制性)。
例如:A、All that we have to do is to practise every day. B、The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten. C、I have lost my pen,which I like very much. D、The house in front of which there is a garden is my home.
三、It的用法
1、It除了代替人和物以外,还可以作形式主语。而真正的主语(不定式、动名词或从句)则放于谓语或表语之后。 例如:Itis nor easy to finish the work in two days. 然而有少数表语之后接动名词作真正的主语。这些表语是:无助(no help)、无用(no use)、没好处(no good);工作(hard work)、费时(a waste of time)、且危险(a danger)。
例如:A、It is no use crying over spilt milk. B、It is a waste of time waiting for him.
2、It还可以作形式宾语。通常下列动词后面可接it作形式宾语:2f2tcjm (find,feel ,think , take, consider,judge, make)。
例如:A、He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject. B、I think it no use arguing with him.
3、It用于强调句式。要强调句子的某一部分(主语、宾语、状语),可以把it当作先行词。
这种句子的结构是:It is(was)+ 被强调部分+that(who)+句子的其余部分。
例如:A、It is Professor Lin who teaches us English—(强调主语) B、It was in Shanghai that l saw the film.—(强调状语) C、It was in 1990 that I worked in the factory.(同上) 但要注意与定语从句的区别。
例如:D、It was 1990 when I worked in the factory.(定语从句) 我们去掉强调结构It is (was) …that,句子意义很完整。它就是强调句。反之,就是定语从句。如例句C。而例句D就不能。
在考试中提高做题的正确率,才是提分王道!以下是小虫老师精选的21道初中英语语法易错题,希望家长们能督促孩子花点时间记下来啦!
初中英语常错21例
【第1例】
★Because he was ill yesterday, so he didn’t go to work. (×)
★Because he was ill yesterday, he didn’t go to work. (√)
★He was ill yesterday, so he didn’t go to work. (√)
[析] 用though, but表示“虽然……,但是…… ”或用because, so 表示“因为……,所以……”时,though和but 及because和so 都只能择一而用,不能两者同时使用。
【第2例】
★ The Smiths have moved Beijing. (×)
★The Smiths have moved to Beijing. (√)
[析] 不及物动词后接名词或代词作宾语时,要在动词之后加上适当的介词;但不及物动词后接home, here, there等副词作宾语时,动词之后不必加任何介词。
【第3例】
★The box is too heavy for him to carry it. (×)
★The box is too heavy for him to carry. (√)
[析] the box既是这句话的主语, 也是不定式to carry的逻辑宾语,若句末再加上it,就和the box重复了。
【第4例】
★ Each of the boys have a pen. (×)
★Each of the boys has a pen. (√)
[析] 复数名词前有表个体的each of, one of, every,either of等词组修饰,或有表否定的neither of, none of 等词组修饰时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
【第5例】
★Neither he nor you is good at English. (×)
★Neither he nor you are good at English. (√)
[析] either... or..., neither... nor..., not only..., but also... 等词组连接句子的两个主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近一致原则”, 即由靠近谓语的那个主语决定谓语的人称和数用何种形式。
【第6例】
★Ten minus three are seven. (×)
★Ten minus three is seven. (√)
[析] 用英语表示加(plus)、减(minus)等数学运算时,谓语动词也用单数形式。
【第7例】
★ The number of the workers in this factory are about 5,000. (×)
★The number of the workers in this factory is about 5,000. (√)
[析] the number of表示“……的数量”,谓语动词用单数形式;a number of 的意思是“若干”或“许多”,相当于some或a lot of,和复数名词连用,谓语动词用复数形式。
【第8例】
★ 例 Hello! I have important something to tell you. (×)
★Hello! I have something important to tell you. (√)
[析] 形容词或动词不定式修饰不定代词作定语时,修饰成分要置于不定代词之后。
【第9例】
★ His son is enough old to go to school. (×)
★His son is old enough to go to school. (√)
[析] enough作形容词修饰名词时,可以放在名词前,也可放在名词后;作副词修饰形容词或副词时,只能放在形容词或副词之后。
【第10例】
★ Here is your sweater, put away it.(×)
★Here is your sweater, put it away. (√)
[析] put away, pick up, put on等“动词+副词”构成的词组后接代词作宾语时,代词只能放在动词和副词之间。
【第11例】
★ Look! Here the bus comes.(×)
★Look! Here comes the bus.(√)
[析]在以here, there引起的陈述句中,若句子的主语是名词,要用倒装语序,即用“Here /There+动词+名词”结构;但主语若是代词时,则不用倒装语序, 即用“Here/There +代词+动词”结构。
【第12例】
★ I do well in playing football, _______. (我妹妹也行)
★A. so my sister does(×)B. so does my sister(√)
★Li Lei is really a football fan. --- _______. (确实这样)
A. So is he(×) B. So he is(√)
[析] “so+be动词/助动词+主语”的倒装结构表示前面所述情况也适用于后者,意为“……也是这样”;“so+主语+be动词/助动词”的陈述结构表示对前述情况的肯定,意为“……确实如此”。
【第13例】
重庆比中国的其他城市都大。
★Chongqing is larger than any city in China. (×)
★Chongqing is larger than any other city in China. (√)
[析] “any city in China”包括了重庆这座城市, 同一事物自己与自己不能做比较,只有在city 前加上other才能表示重庆和中国的其它城市比较大小。
【第14例】
★The weather in Guangzhou is warmer than Beijing. (×)
★The weather in Guangzhou is warmer than that in Beijing . (√)
[析] 表示比较时,句子中的两个比较对象必须一致,不同的比较对象不能做比较。错误句的比较对象分别为the weather in Guangzhou和Beijing,这两个不同类的事物之间不能做比较。
【第15例】
★His sister married with a teacher last summer.(×)
★His sister married a teacher last summer. (√)
[析] 表达“A和B结婚”,要用A married/will marry B。这时务必要避免受汉语影响使用A married/will marry with B。
【第16例】
★There is going to have a film tonight. (×)
★There is going to be a film tonight. (√)
[析] 一般将来时用在 There be 句式中时,be going to或will之后的动词原形只能用be,也就是说要用There is (are) going to be.... / There will be....。
【第17例】
★I’ll go hiking if it won’t rain next Sunday. (×)
★I’ll go hiking if it doesn’t rain next Sunday.(√)
[析] 习惯上在含有时间状语从句和条件状语从句的复合句中,如果主句的谓语动词用了一般将来时,从句的谓语动词要用一般现在时表示将来的动作。
【第18例】
★Teacher told us yesterday that the earth went around the sun. (×)
★Teacher told us yesterday that the earth goes around the sun. (√)
[析] 习惯上在含有宾语从句的复合句中,主句的谓语动词用了一般过去时,从句的谓语动词要用过去的某种时态。但如果从句表述的是一客观事实或客观真理时,则不受主句时态的影响,而用一般现在时。
【第19例】
★All the balls are not round. 翻译成汉语:
所有的球都不是圆的。(×)
并不是所有的球都是圆的。(√)
[析] all, every, both等词和not连用时,not通常放在all, every, both的后面,一般情况下表示部分否定,意为“并非……都……”。
【第20例】
★--- He didn’t go to school yesterday, did he?
-- _______, though he didn’t feel very well.
A. No, he didn’t (×)
B. Yes, he did (√)
★例--- Don’t you usually come to school by bike?
-- _______. But I sometimes walk.
A. No, I don’t (×)
B. Yes, I do (√)
[析] 习惯上英语中的yes意为“是的”,no意为“不”,但在“前否后肯”的反意疑问句或否定疑问句中,yes意为“不”,no意为“是的”。
【第21例】
★---- Excuse me, is the supermarket far from here?
---- No,it's about _______.
A. 7 minutes walk
B. 7 minute walk
C. 7 minutes' walk
D. 7 minute's walk
[析]答案为C。本题考查名词所有格用法。当名词的复数以-s结尾时,则只需要加“'”即可,则“7分钟的距离”为“7 minutes' walk”。
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