2.2.3

巧妙利用平行结构，准确判断逻辑关系

平行结构指的是结构相同或相似、意思密切关联、语气一致的句子或短语成串排列的语言现象。平行结构形式上整齐匀称，内容联系紧密。

命题者常从平行结构的句式相同或相似这一角度，利用其意义的关联或对比这一特点来设空。完形填空常常会出现这样一些平行结构，掌握这些结构极为相似的句子可大大提高解题效率。

[例3]

As they 43 (grew), the girl was able to 44 (lead) her birds to run across the grass, but she could not teach them to 45 (fly). The girl became increasingly worried about this, both when 46 and in her dreams.

46. A. asleep B. away C. around D. awake

[解析] 

做此题应该把and作为突破口，根据and可知，空缺处的词应与“in her dreams”形成对照，因此应填入awake。

2.3

词语辨析题目类

完形填空的另一个特点是考查词语辨析。词语辨析命题涉及以下三种类型：

2.3.1

巧妙利用平行结构，准确判断逻辑关系

此类题的特点是选项中所给的四个词词性相同，词义相同或相近。它主要考查考生在具体语言环境中对所学同义词或近义词的辨析和运用能力。

[例1]

Describing the 42 later, Bannister said, “On the way to the track the wind blew strongly. As I 43 (lined up) for the start I glanced (瞥一眼) at the flag. It moved 44 (gently) now. This was the moment when I made my decision.”

42. A. accident B. event C. subject D. topic

[解析]

此题考查近义词辨析。accident事故;event(尤指重要、有意义或不寻常的)事件，(体育运动的)比赛项目;subject题目，科目;topic话题。由track可知选B。

[例2]

We arrived inSpainfor the first time a few weeks ago. I decided to 21 a car because we had sold the one we had inEnglandbefore 22 home.

21. A. borrow B. drive C. buy D. choose

22. A. leaving B. making C. returning D. getting

[解析]

① 第21题中的borrow是干扰项，根据后面的sold和后文的故事发展可知，作者是要买一辆汽车，故选C项。

② 第22题，如果不看语境的话，A、C、D项都能选择，但是根据下文可知作者离家前把在英国拥有的那辆汽车卖掉了，所以此处只能用leaving，故选A项。

2.3.2

形近词辨析

此类题的特点是选项中所给的四个词的词性相同，拼写(至少有两项)相近。这类题主要考查考生是否准确地掌握了所学词汇的意义。

[例3]

In the clinic (门诊部), I asked if Michael could be retested, so the specialist (专科医生) tested him again. To my 36 (disappointment), it was the same score.

Later that evening, I 37 told Frank what I had learned that day. After talking it over, we agreed that we knew our 38 (son), much better than an IQ test.

37. A. tearfully B. fearfully C. cheerfully D. hopefully

[解析] 

tearfully和fearfully虽然形式相似，但是意义大相径庭。前者表示“满含泪水地”，后者表示“害怕地”。根据文章的意思，作者对儿子两次进行的智力测试很失望，同时也应该很伤心，因此是满含泪水地告诉Frank，故选A项。

2.3.3

连接词辨析

此类题的特点是选项中所给的四个词是表示上下文各种逻辑关系的连接词。这类题目主要考查考生对上下文逻辑关系(如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、对比关系等)的理解，并考查考生对连接词的运用能力。

[例4]

Most of us think the dance is great 37 (fun) — even the teachers enjoy being there. 38 , two weeks ago someone said that there would be no 39 (live) band this year — only CDs.

38. A. Besides B. Though C. However D. Therefore

[解析] 

前一句的意思是：我们大部分人都认为跳舞是一件非常开心的事，即使是老师也喜欢参与。后一句话的意思是：两周前，有人说今年没有现场伴奏的乐队，只播放CD。根据前后句在意义上的转折可判断出此处是转折关系，所以要用However，故选C项。

【典例】高考英语全国1卷

It was a busy morning, about 8:30, when an elderly gentleman in his 80s came to the hospital. I heard him saying to the nurse that he was in a hurry for all appointment(约会)at 9:30.

The nurse had him take a36in the waiting area,37him it would be at least 40 Minutes38someone would be able to see him. I saw him39his watch anddecided, since I was40busy—my patient didn’t41at the appointed hour, I would examine his wound. While taking care of his wound, I asked him if he had another doctor’s appointment.

The gentleman said no and told me that he42to go to the nursing home to eat breakfast with his43 . He told me that she had been44for a while and that she had a special disease. I asked if she would be45if he was a bit late. He replied that she46knew who he was, that she had not been able to47him for five years now. I was48, and asked him, “And you49go every morning, even though she doesn’t know who you are?”

He smiled and said, “She doesn’t know me, but I know who she is.” I had to hold back50

as he left.

Now I51that in marriages, true love is52of all that is. The happiest people don’t53have the best of everything; they just54the best of everything they have.55isn’t about how to live through the storm, but how to dance in the rain.