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一、透析

动词的时态、语态是语法填空中必考内容之一，动词的各种时态形式都可能考到，不过最常考的是一般现在时态，一般过去时态，现在进行时态，以及一般将来时态，现在完成时态，同时还常与非谓语动词一起考查，做语法填空题时，首先要判断括号中所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态、语气(陈述语气还是虚拟语气)、主谓一致四个方面。

其次，在确定谓语动词的时态时，我们可从三个方面来进行判断：

1．看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句。

2．在没有时间状语或时间状语从句时，要看上下文的谓语动词的形式。

3．看是否是特殊句型等。

例如：Suddenly，he _____(find) that he had run out of salt.

二、知识清单

Ⅰ.动词的时态

一般现在时①现在的状态②经常性或习惯性的动作③客观真理

④在某些状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时

①We alwayscarefor each other andhelpeach other.

②Wehave3classes a day.

③The sunrisesin the east andgoes downin the west.

④We will not go tothe park if itrainstomorrow.

一般过去时①过去的动作或状态②过去经常性或习惯性动作

③在状语从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来时态

①Wehadatest yesterday.

②We oftenplayedtogether when we were children.

③Hetoldushe read an interesting novel last night.

④Shetoldme that she would come to see me when shevisitedChina again.

一般将来时will/shall do①表示将来的动作或状态

②表示一种趋向或习惯动作③表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定

④will在含有条件、时间状语从句的主句中表意愿

be going to do ①表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备

②表将来，不能用在含有条件、时间状语从句的主句中

①I shall goto swim tomorrow if it is fine. ②Wewill diewithout air or water.

③My grandmotherwillbe90 years old next year.

④She'll tellyou if you ask her.

①I'm going tostayat hometomorrow.

②The little boyisgoing to learnhow to play football.

be to do

表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、职责、可能性等

①A meetingisto be heldat 3 o'clock this afternoon.

②Youare toreportto the police.

be about to do 表示“即刻；就要”，一般不与时间状语或状语从句连用

①Autumn harvestisabout to start. ②Heis about to leavefor Beijing.

过去将来时①用would do，was/were going to do sth.表过去将来

②was/were to dosth.和was/were about todo sth.表过去将来

③常用于宾语从句和间接引语中，表示过去将要发生的行为或存在的状态

①I knew youwouldagree. ②He said hewas going to comewith us.

③He said themeetingwas to be heldthe next week.

④Iwas about toleavewhen he came in.

⑤He said hewouldwaituntil they came back.

现在进行时be＋doing ①表示说话时正在进行的动作

②表近期特定的安排或计划

③表示趋向行为的动词，如come，go，start，begin leave等可用进行时代替将来时

④与always等连用表示赞扬、厌烦等语气

①Heis teachingEnglish andlearningChinese.

②Iam meetingMr. Wang tonight. ③The National Dayis coming.

④Heis always helpingothers.

过去进行时was/were＋doing ①表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生的动作②表示某一动作发生时另一动作正在进行

①Itwas rainingwhen they left the station.

②When I got to thetop of the mountain, the sunwas shining.

现在完成时have/has＋done①表示过去的动作对现在的影响

②表示某一动作从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在，也可能继续持续下去

③在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时

①Hehas goneto Shanghai.

②Ihave learntEnglish for three years.

③Don't get off thebus until ithas stopped.

过去完成时had＋done①表示“过去的过去”

②表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等，常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended等或者hoped/planned...＋to have done

③过去完成时用于一些固定句型中

①When Jackarrived, Maryhad been awayfor almost an hour.

②Ihad hoped tosend him a Christmas card, but I forgot to do so.

③Ihadhardlygot home when it began to rain.

④That was thefirst time that hehad visitedAustralia.

现在完成进行时have/has＋been＋doing

①用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在(还要继续下去)的动作

②多与all the time，this week，all night时间状语，for、since引导的状语从句连用

①Theyhave beenlivinghere for three years.

②Hehas beendoingthe maths problems since 8?00.

各种时态的被动语态

一般现在时am/is/are done一般过去时was/were done

现在进行时am/is/are being done过去进行时was/were beingdone

现在完成时have/has been done过去完成时had been done

一般将来时will be done情态动词can/may/must be done

①不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者 ②强调动作的承受者

③动作的执行者有较长的修饰语④出于礼貌，不愿说出动作的执行者

①Rice is grown in South China.②The glass was broken yesterday.

③The project is being carried out.

④This road was being built this time last year.

⑤This novel has been translated into 3 languages.

⑥When I got to the theatre, I found thetickets had already been sold out.

⑦The cars will be sent abroad by sea.

⑧Oil canbe turned into energy by burning it.