4. 宾语从句的时态与主句的时态须呼应。

1)当主句谓语动词的时态是现在时或将来时，从句的谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态表示。如：He always says that he is our good friend.

他总是说他是我们的好朋友。

When the teacher knows what we have done, he will say that we have done a good deed.

当老师知道我们所干的事情时，他会说我们做了一件好事。

2)当主句谓语动词的时态为过去时，从句的谓语动词须用响应的过去时。如：

He didn’t tell us he came from Shanghai.

他没有告诉我们他来自上海。

He said he had read the book.

他说他读过这本书。

3)但当从句的内容是客观真理或客观事实，而不受时间的限制时，即使主句谓语动词为过去时，从句仍用一般现在时。如

Chairman Mao said that all the imperialists are paper tigers.

毛主席说一切帝国主义者都是纸老虎。

When we were children, we were told that China is in the east of the world.

我们还是小孩子的时候，人们就告诉我们说中国在世界的东方。

03 表语从句

当一个子句充当句子的表语时，这个子句就叫做表语从句。

如：My idea is that he can teach children English in this school.

我的想法是他能够在这所学校教孩子们英语。

My hope is that he will keep it a secret forever.

我的希望是它将永远保守秘密。

引导表语从句的词有连词that, whether，连接代词和连接副词，关系代词型what，以及as if, as though, because等连词。

1. 由that引导

The fact is that he doesn’t really try. 事实是他没有做真正的努力。

The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦的是我把他的地址丢了。

My suggestion is that we should tell him. 我的建议是我们应该告诉他。

His sole requirement was (is) that the system work. 他唯一的要求是这个制度能起作用。

My idea is that we should start making preparations right now. 我的意见是我们马上就开始做准备工作。

2. 由whether引导

The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 问题是这部电影是否值得看。

【注意】whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。

3. 由连接代词引导

You are not who I thought you were. 你已不是我过去所想像的人。

The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。

The question is who (m) we should trust. 问题是我们应当相信谁。

What I want to know is which road we should take. 我想知道的是我们应走哪条路。

4. 由连接副词引导

The problem is how we can find him. 问题是我们如何找到他。

That was when I was fifteen. 这是我15岁时发生的事。

That’s where I first met her. 那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。

That’s why he didn’t come. 这就是他没有来的缘故。

5. 由关系代词型what引导

That’s what we are here for. 我们来这里就为了这个。

Fame and personal gain is what they’re after. 他们追求的是名利。

He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的他了。

6. 由as if / as though引导

It isn’t as if you were going away forever. 又不是你离开不回来了。

Now it was as though she had known Millie for years. 现在好像她认识米莉已有好多年了似的。

It is not as though we were poor. 又不是我们家里穷。

注意：

1. 连接词that一般不能省略，但当主句中含动词do的某种形式时，that可以省略。如：

What I want to do is (that) I can go up to him and thank him. 我想做的事是走到身边去感谢他。

2. 当句子的主语是：advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, insistence, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish等名词时，表语从句须用虚拟语气，即：should +do。如：

My advice is that you should go to apologize to him. 我的建议是你应该去向他道歉。

04 同位语从句

当名词后面所接的从句表示与名词同位并为名词的实际内容时，这个从句就是同位语从句。如：

The news that China has joined the WTO excites us all.

中国加入了世界贸易组织这一消息使我们大家兴奋不已。

He told us the truth that he fell down from his bike this afternoon.

他告诉了我们他从单车上摔下来这一真相。

注意：

1. 能带同位语从句的名词常见的有：answer, belief, conclusion, decision, discovery, doubt, explanation, fact, hope, idea, information, knowledge, law, message, news, opinion, order, possibility, problem, promise, proof, proposal, question, report, risk, rumor, story, suggestion, truth, theory, thought, wish, word等。如：

He sent us a message that he won’t come next week.

他送信来告诉我们说，下周他不来了。

There is no doubt that he is fit for this job.

毫无疑问，它适合这一工作。

2. 表示“命令、建议、要求” advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, insistence, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish 等名词的同位语，须用虚拟语气。

He made clear his desire that he should work hard to go to college.

他已清楚的表明了他要努力学习考上大学这一愿望。

Soon came the order that all the people should obey the rules.

不久命令下来了，所有的人不得违犯制度。

——————

引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that，whether，连接代词和连接副词等。

1. 由that引导

We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。

They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。

The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不实。

I’ve come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that. 我得出结论这样做是不明智的。

The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen. 那笔钱不见了这一事实并不意味着是被偷了。

注意:

1. 在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。如：

They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. 他们面对废除这个税的要求。

They expressed the wish that she accept the award. 他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。

The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. 采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。

The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried. 允许妇女参加这个协会的决议通过了。

2. 引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。如：

He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。

* * * *

2. 由whether引导

There is some doubt whether he will come. 他是否会来还不一定。

Answer my question whether you are coming. 你回答我的问题：你来不来。

The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 这个是对还是错要看结果。

We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。

注意

whether 可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。

* * * *

3. 由连接代词引导

Have you any idea what time it starts?

你知道什么时候开始吗?

From 1985-90 I was an instructor at the regional party headquarters. After that I went back to work in a factory. Then I had no idea what a casino was.从1985年到1990年我是地方党部的教员。随后我回到一家工厂工作。当时我不知道赌场是什么样的地方。

4. 由连接副词引导

I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。

It is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做的问题。

He had no idea why she left. 他不知道她为什么离开。

You have no idea how worried I was! 你不知道我多着急!